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On-yomi   [ Toggle rōmaji ]
シャ
SHA
Kun-yomi
くるま
ku ru ma

Glyph elements  [ Toggle Font ]

Meanings of elements
TURNING, SCREWING on both sides of a FILLED ORIFICE
…or: EXTENDED and ROTATING
…or: TWO in a MONKEY
…or: SCREWING a PLUGGING ORIFICE then SCREWING it again
…or: (three) sequential SCREWINGS in ORIFICE
…or: ARRAY of MONKEYS in LINE, with ROD, INDICATE EXTENT
A ROTATION such as turning woody shafts on a lathe. Many folks have presumed 'turning wheels' on an AXLE in ROTATION within a「filled orifice」(of the axle housing), depicting WHEELS and an AXLE ROTATING to support a VEHICLE, but note the lateral elements at both the top and bottom are not of equal lengths, hence if this is supposed to be a depiction of a cart, then it will not travel in a straight path. Interior element as「extend」() with the two ends of the axle extending sufficiently to enable the attachment of wheels fastened by lynch pins.「Rod twisting quickly」also describes WHEELS and an AXLE ROTATING of an early cart, a vehicle for conveyance.
 Singularly important characteristics of a cart or chariot are the two WHEELS with only「one axle in a housing, filled orifice」as depicted, and not two axles with four wheels popularized today by the automobile: the addition of one axle with wheels allowed one person or work animal to perform far more work and with more maneuverability than dragging a simple sledge along the ground or a two-axled cart, and for a much longer period before becoming weary.
 Depicts the invention of the WHEEL and a ROTATING axle in a housing. Often used to indicate the MILITARY as an element, since vehicles, carts, and single-axle chariots were critically important to the movement of any army. It can be argued that the use of large armies to invade and conquer other territories did not develop until after the invention of the wheel, and traveling to hack up the neighbors into chunks small enough to fit in a fleshpot might have been the first use of vehicles en masse. Depictions of the axle, two wheels, and cargo area (or perhaps two seats, for use as a military chariot) can easily be imagined, albeit traveling in a large circle due to differing wheel radii.
 Apparently the Chinese invented what is now referred to as a wheel barrow (literally,「gravesite on wheel」) as a military tool for delivering materiel and for dumping burning coals from atop a wall onto the heads of encroaching enemies. Archers could crouch on the device for a more stable but highly maneuverable stance behind a shield fastened to the front while another man carted the archer in a firing-ready posture about a battlefield, which improved accuracy, allowed for quicker realignments and much shorter rearming times, and reduced the injury rate of archers who were able to fire and maneuver simultaneously. This device was kept top secret for hundreds of years to prevent enemies from learning of the advantages. It was also handy when carting off the dead after a battle, as a gravesite on a wheel.
 「Turgid-flaccid monkeys」「lines of monkeys in array」and「screwing plugged orifice then screwing it again」need no further explanation as the ancient Chinese military and the ages-old use of conscripted 'comfort women' as a vehicle for mounting and riding:「queue for screwing in orifice, screwing in turn, in a sequential order, in rotation.」Military use of comfort women was not solely a Japanese invention: formerly, everyone did it—pirates, bandits, gangs, armies the world over—because they could. Then there is God Almighty's take on this matter, found in Deuteronomy 21:10 When you go to war…and you take captives, 11 if you notice among the captives a beautiful woman and are attracted to her, you may take her as your wife. 12 Bring her into your home…then you may go to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife. 14 If you are not pleased with her, let her go wherever she wishes. You must not sell her or treat her as a slave, since you have dishonored her. See this researcher's website blog and well-documented published material to learn about the relationship between Japan and Korea prior to WWII, who actually recruited Korean women as army service providers (in most cases), and who is behind why this issue remains a propaganda flashpoint today:
 「I first confronted the comfort women issue in 1991. It was near the end of my study in Japan. As a volunteer I was translating former Korean comfort women's testimonies for NHK. When I returned to South Korea, the nationalism was out of control. The anti-Japanese activist group 'Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery' (also known as Chong Dae Hyup 정대협 ) was formed by the South Korean communists. Its leader said publicly it was determined to defame Japan for the next 200 years. Its propaganda turned me off, so I stayed away from this issue for years. I regained my interest in this issue in the early 2000s when I heard that Chong Dae Hyup was confining surviving women in a nursing home called House of Nanumu. The only time these women were allowed to talk to outsiders was when Chong Dae Hyup needed them to testify for the UN Special Rapporteur or the U.S. politicians. But for some reason I was allowed to talk to them one day in 2003. I could sense that women were not happy being confined in this place. One of the women (Bae Chun-hee) told me she reminisced the romance she had with a Japanese soldier. She said she hated her father who sold her. She also told me that women there didn't appreciate being coached by Chong Dae Hyup to give false testimonies but had to obey Chong Dae Hyup's order. When Japan offered compensation through Asian Women's Fund in 1995, 61 former Korean comfort women defied Chong Dae Hyup's order and accepted compensation. Those 61 women were vilified as traitors. Their names and addresses were published in newspapers as prostitutes, and they had to live the rest of their lives in disgrace. So the rest of the women were terrified of Chong Dae Hyup and wouldn't dare to defy again. Chong Dae Hyup (some of its members were arrested as North Korean spies) has used the comfort women issue for its political purpose, which is to drive a wedge into U.S.-Japan-South Korea security partnership.」
  [ https://scholarsinenglish.blogspot.jp/2014/10/summary-of-professor-park-yuhas-book.html 2017-08-03 ]
 Or, do you believe the North Koreans? 
 A KNIFE PLEAT has three layers of cloth. This glyph contains three「screwing」elements, with the central「screwing within orifice」depicting a sequence of pleats IN ROTATION surrounding a skirt in a repeating pattern that loops without end.

Modern definitions (that generally disregard history) …excluding politically incorrect concepts and other meanings deemed offensive today; may list only pigeonholed definitions, euphemisms, or meaningless mnemonics)
Chinese: war chariot (archaic); rook (in Chinese chess); rook (in chess); car; vehicle; machine; to shape with a lathe
Japanese: car, automobile, vehicle, wheel, knife pleat
Unihan extended: cart, vehicle; carry in cart
EDRDG: car

Used within names (nanori)
くら ・ くろま

Always keep in mind that these glyphs were originally created by groups of clever old men as vulgar riddles and analogies for their own entertainment (see 籒 for that) and represented Chinese society many thousands of years ago, and not as a written or spoken language. If these glyphs had been intended for language use, the sages could not have possibly designed a worse system. Is it truly possible that all these glyphs started out as off-color jokes and puzzles? Yes! It is! Sex had no shame in ancient China. Why would it? And now, there is a cover-up. No one is suggesting these glyphs depict contemporary life in China, Japan, or anywhere else. This site describes glyph meanings, not people. These glyphs however, describe many and various things, including people, long before there were any notions of becoming politically incorrect. The question to be answered is, should these glyphs continue being used, by anyone, anywhere, for expressing language? (More...) Despite how bad the human world is today, do you actually believe that the so-called good old days were any better? Or they could only have been worse?

By the way, with a limited number of the same elements used by the sages again and again to form these glyphs, you should expect to find the same explanations again and again, as tedious as that may become, and as an inherent trait of any dictionary. This site explains the dual meanings of glyphs most often ignored by other sources that provide you with only the sanctioned definition, generally.



Japanese vocabulary: 581 entries


Chinese usage: 382 entries


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